A monitor mainly consists of a backlight system, LCD panel, circuit boards (motherboard/logic board/constant current board, etc.), power module, casing, and bracket. The functions and structures of each part are as follows:

1. Backlight System

 

• Backlight Lamp: Provides a white light source and is the foundation for the LCD panel's illumination (traditionally CCFL cold cathode fluorescent lamps, modern LED backlights are more common).
• Light Guide Plate: Disperses the backlight light evenly, ensuring consistent brightness across the LCD panel.
• Reflector: Reflects light, improving backlight utilization and enhancing display brightness.
• Backlight Panel: Supports the backlight strips, enabling precise backlight distribution.

2. LCD Panel

The core component of an LCD monitor, composed of a glass substrate, liquid crystal material, and a color filter:

Liquid Crystal Layer: Controls the deflection of liquid crystal molecules through an electric field, adjusting the amount of light passing through to achieve image display.

Color Filter: Filters stray light, improving color purity and contrast.

3. Circuit Board System

Main Board: Connects to power and signal inputs; it's the monitor's "central hub," responsible for signal processing and power distribution.

Logic Board: Handles screen display logic; connects to the main board via a screen cable, controlling display timing and voltage.

Constant Current Board: Provides stable current to the backlight strips, ensuring uniform backlight brightness.

4. Power Module

Low-Voltage Power Supply: Converts 220V AC mains power to 12V, 5V, 3.3V, etc., DC voltages to power the circuit board.

High-Voltage Board: Converts low-voltage DC power to 1500~1800V high-frequency high-voltage AC power, providing startup and operating voltage for backlight tubes (such as CCFLs).

5. Housing and Stand

Housing: Protects internal components and provides installation space.

Stand: Supports the monitor, allowing for angle adjustment to meet different usage scenarios.

These components work together to achieve the monitor's image display, signal processing, and power supply functions.